Cuddalore -Sugarcane Research

Sl.No	Variety	Year of release	Season	Yield t/ha	CCS %
1	Co 6304	1970	Mid/late	135.0	11.5
2	CoC 671	1975	Early	123.5	13.0
3	CoC 771	1977	Early	130.0	12.5
4	CoC 772	1977	Early	133.0	13.0
5	CoC 774	1977	Mid/late	129.8	11.9
6	CoC 775	1977	Mid/late	112.5	12.5
7	CoC 777	1977	Mid/late	131.3	11.8
8	CoC 778	1977	Mid/late	135.5	11.0
9	CoC 779	1977	Mid/late	134.6	11.8
10	CoC 8001	1980	Early	102.9	12.9
11	CoC 8201	1982	Mid/late	133.6	11.8
12	CoC 85061	1985	Early	135.4	12.4
13	CoC 86062	1986	Early	128.5	13.0
14	CoC 90063	1990	Early	128.0	12.6
15	Co 8021	1990	Early	130.0	11.8
16	CoC 91061	1991	Early	131.0	12.8
17	CoC 92061	1992	Early	133.5	13.2
18	Co 8362	1992	Mid/late	129.4	12.9
19	CoC 98061	1998	Early	120.0	11.6
20	Co 86249	1998	Early	127.6	11.2
21	CoC 99061	1999	Mid/late	130.3	11.9

AGRONOMY

CoSi 86071 performed better for drought tolerance with the highest cane yield of 129.5 t/ha
Press mud application @ 25 t/ha increases cane and sugar yields
Short crop of cane (6-8 months age) records better germination than aged ones
The optimum seed rate for high yield is 75,000 double budded setts per hectare
Among the planting methods, the conventional method of arranging cane setts in the furrows end to end and covered by soil 1-2 cm thick is found to be easily adopted by farmers
Pre emergence application of herbicide "Atrazine" @ 0.5 kg ai/ha is effective in controlling weeds in sugarcane
Irrigation once in 9 days at germination phase, 10 days at tillering and growth phases and at 13 days during maturity phase is found to be ideal for sugarcane
Among the intercrops, blackgram proves better with a net return of Rs.2.63 for one rupee invested
Growing green manures like sunnhemp, daincha as intercrops in sugarcane adds 15 t/ha of green manure when incorporated in soil and increase cane yield by 10-15 t/ha
Application of 25 per cent excess N, a fortnight ahead and withholding irrigation during September second fortnight arrests flowering/arrowing in cane without affecting sugar quality
Harvesting of cane at maturity both in plant and ratoon crops fetches a maximum return of Rs.2.38 and Rs.3.39 respectively
Growing of crops in 3 years rotation in the sequence of sugarcane plant + sugarcane ratoon + groundnut, green manure and paddy results in higher profits
Stubble shaving and shoulder breaking, application of 25 per cent additional basal dose of N encourages uniform and better sprouting of sugarcane stubbles.
Detrashing of cane and high level earthing up during 7th month ensures higher cane yield.

SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY

Application of 275 Kg N, 63 kg P2O5 and 113 kg K2O per hectare was found to be the optimum dose for maintaining the cane yield
Phosphorus needs to be applied as basal dose at planting and N and K need to be applied in three equal splits on 30th, 60th and 90th day of planting in heavy soils (clayey soils) and in four equal splits on 30th 60th, 90th and 120th day of planting in light textured (sandy) soils
The deficiencies of micronutrients in sugarcane could be managed with basal (soil) application of 20 kg Ferrous sulphate, 10 kg Manganese sulphate 10 kg Zinc sulphate 5 kg Borax mixed with 500 kg of compost per hectare
Occurrence of Iron deficiency (Iron chlorosis) in iron deficient soils/ratoon sugarcane having stresses could be corrected by spraying of 5 kg Ferrous sulphate + 5 kg Urea dissolved in 500 litres of water per hectare of 15 days interval till deficiency symptoms disappear.
In Zinc and Boron deficient soils, application of Zinc sulphate 28 kg/ha and Borax 5 kg/ha enhanced the cane yield

AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY

The cane yield recorded with the application of 8 kg/ha of phosphobacteria and 60 per cent P2O5 as Super phosphate is on par with the yield recorded by the application of 8 kg/ha of phosphobacteria and 100 per cent P2O5 as mussorie rock phosphate. Similarly, incorporation of 6 kg/ha Azotobacter with 225 N/ha recorded equal cane yield as that of 275 kg N/ha as urea alone

CROP PHYSIOLOGY

For drought management mulching the ridges with cane trash on 7th month followed with kaolin spray at 120 days (12.5 kg/ha) at 2 per cent ensures higher cane yield
The chemical ripener Sodium meta silicate @ 25 kg/ha as foliar spray on 10th month increased the CCS per cent by 1.5 unit
The intensity of cane juice quality deterioration is very rapid from 40 to 96 hours after harvest

AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY

Among the borer pests, shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus) causes damage even upto 60 per cent in young shoots during March to June
Trash mulching on ridges during 10 DAP and intercropping green gram reduces the shoot borer incidence
Neem seed kernel extract 8 per cent or neem oil 2 per cent in second round preceded by Sevidol granule application (1 kg ai/ha) reduces shoot borer to the extent of more than 60 per cent
Sevidol 4.4 granules @ 12.5 kg/ha applied in whorls or at root zone followed by irrigation or endosulphan 0.07% spray reduces the incidence of shoot borer and increases the cane yield
The tachnid fly parasitoid Sturmiopsis inferens is active on shoot borer during summer months
Release of Trichogramma chilonis egg parasitoid @ 2.5 cc/ha at fortnightly intervals six times commencing from fourth month onwards effectively checks the incidence of internode borer
Closed cup release through ice cream or plastic disposable cups increases the percentage emergence of parasitoid T. chilonis (70-74%) as against conventional method of card tying in field (61%)
Pyrilla leaf hopper is found to occur during September to November. Good showers followed by a dry spell is found to be more favourable for the multiplication of the pest
Monocrotophos 0.072 per cent spray after detrashing reduces Pyrilla significantly. The parasitoid Epricania melanoleuca parasitizes both nymphs and adults of Pyrilla even to the extent of 84-88 per cent
White fly Aleurolobus barodensis a pest in problem soils can be managed by any insecticides of systemic nature as well as by acephate, carbosulfan etc. after detrashing
White grub, Holotrichia serrata incidence is more prevalent in Dharmapuri, Erode and Coimbatore districts.

PLANT PATHOLOGY

Co 86249 is completely resistant to red rot (Colletotrichum falcatum) disease, CoC 98061, CoC 99061, CoSi 95071, CoG 93076, Co 85019, Co 86010 are moderately resistant varieties to red rot disease
Six isolates of red rot disease are identified with varying degrees of virulence
Delayed irrigation or alternate row irrigation reduces the red rot disease incidence level to 48 per cent while normal irrigation elevates the incidence to 74 per cent
Smut disease (Ustilago scitaminea) has two epidemic periods viz. May to June and October to November and can be managed by aerated steam therapy.
Sett rot (Ceratocystis paradoxa) can be tackled by sett treatment in Carbendazim 0.5 g/l or tradimefon 0.5 g/lit before planting. Carbendazim 25 DS is also effective
Top rot can be minimized by spraying Copper oxy chloride or Chlorothalanil or Mancozeb @ 0.5 g/l
Sugarcane sett treatment followed by mixing 125 g of Carbendazim 50 WP or 250 g of Carbendazim 25 DS in 250 litres of water along with 2.5 kg of Urea and dipping the setts for 5 minutes.

NEMATOLOGY

Among different genera of nematodes on sugarcane the commonly noticed ones are Hoplolaimus, Hellicotylenchus, Pratylencus, Criconema, Meloidogyne, Trichodorus, Rotylenchus and Tylenchus
Application of FYM @ 60 t/ha or press mud @ 45 t/ha (or) poultry manure (guano) 3 t/ha (or) neem cake @ 3 t/ha effective against nematodes
Granular nematicides like Carbofuran 3G @ 1.5 kg ai/ha is effective against nematodes

FORESTRY

Among the tree species for saline coastal soil (8.4 pH and 3.8 EC) Casuarina equisetifolia, Acacia auriculiformis and A. holosericea were adoptable with soil amendments with red earth, FYM and Coir pith
Cassia fistula is highly sensitive to saline soils
Casuarina equisetifolia adopts to coastal saline soil provided some soil amendments like FYM are added
The height and girth of Casuarina equisetifolia could be increased by the application of 150 kg P2O5/ha as Rock Phosphate incubated with Phosphobacteria and Farm Yard Manure

AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION

Regular training programmes on all sugar production technologies are being conducted to the cane staff of different sugar mills of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry, Sugarcane growing farmers and Extension staff of Department of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu under SUBACS programme
Both on and off-campus farm advisory works on various problems related to sugarcane production are rendered
AIR broadcast from Pondicherry is done regularly
Several publications like books, booklets, pamphlets, research articles both in English and Tamil are brought out regularly on sugarcane production

SCIENTISTS

Sl.No	Name	Qualification	Specialization	E mail ID
1	Dr.R.Durai Professor of Agronomy	Ph.D	Water management in sugarcane	phsrscud@hotmail.com arscuddalore@tnau.ac.in
2	Dr.S.Mani Professor of Soil Science	Ph.D	Soil fertility management
3	Dr.A.Arjunan Professor of Crop Physiology	Ph.D	Stress Physiology
4	Dr.T.Kalaimani Professor of Plant Pathology	Ph.D	Sugarcane red rot
5	Dr.S.Nasir Ahmed Professor of Agronomy	Ph.D	Sugarcane Agronomy	drsna@hotmail.com
6	Dr.B.Rajendran Professor of Entomology	Ph.D	Integrated Pest Management	radjindrinbala@yahoo.com
7	Dr.R.S.Purushothaman Professor of Plant Breeding & Genetics	Ph.D	Evolution of Sugarcane varieties
8	Dr.G.Manickam Professor of Agronomy	Ph.D	Weed Management in sugarcane
9	Dr.B.Rajamanickam Associate Professor of Microbiology	Ph.D	Acetobacter diazotropics utilization in sugarcane	baskar_ manic@yahoo.com
10	Dr.V.K.Ravichandran Associate Professor of Agronomy	Ph.D	Nutrition in annual and Casuarina	vkr999@yahoo.com
11	Dr.K.Karunanithi Associate Professor of Plant Pathology	Ph.D	Biological Control of root rot pathogen	karuncrs@yahoo.co.in
12	Dr.T.Raguchander Associate Professor of Plant Pathology	Ph.D	Toxin inactivation and PGPR mediated induced systemic resistance	raguchander@hotmail.com
13	Dr.M.Jayachandran Assistant Professor of Agronomy	Ph.D	Weed management in Sugarcane	mayja99@rediff mail.com

Contact Address

Dr. R. Durai
Professor and Head
Sugarcane Research Station
Semmandalam, Cuddalore - 607 001
Tamil Nadu, India
Phone : +91-4142-220630
Fax : +91-4142-212630
E-mail : phsrscud@hotmail.com
arscuddalore@tnau.ac.in

RECENT RELEASED VARIETY : CoC (SC) 22
(Clone No. C 95093)
Parentage : Co 8208 GC
Season : Mid late (Feb - May)
Cane yield : 135.90 t/ha
CCS : 12.12 %
Sugar yield : 16.47 t/ha

SPECIAL FEATURES :

1. It gives 10. 57 % increased cane yield and 11.73% increased sugar yield over Co 86032
2. Good ratooner
3. Best for jaggery making
4. Moderately resistant to red rot
5. Suited for problem soils
6. With stands drought conditions
7. More fibre content (13.24 %).
8. Ideal for Co-generation in sugar factories